Basic Properties That Abrasives Must Have

2022-08-09

Abrasive is a kind of granular material with high hardness and certain mechanical strength, which is used to manufacture abrasive tools or directly used for grinding and polishing. As a basic characteristic that an abrasive must have, generally speaking, it should meet the following five requirements:

1. Higher hardness

The hardness of the abrasive must be higher than the hardness of the object to be processed, otherwise, the requirements of grinding cannot be achieved.

2. Moderate shatter resistance and self-sharpening

Abrasives must have appropriate crush resistance and self-sharpening. During the grinding process, the abrasive grains are subject to stresses such as compression resistance, bending resistance and impact resistance. If their crushing resistance is too low, the abrasive grains will be cracked very fast during grinding and it will be difficult to carry out effective grinding；On the contrary, the abrasive particles will not be broken after becoming dull, and new edges cannot appear, so that the grinding cannot continue. Revealing a new sharp edge allow the grinding process to continue.

3. The abrasive should have good thermal stability

The local can reach a higher temperature as a kind of abrasive should be able to maintain a certain hardness and strength at high temperature. For example, diamond has the highest hardness at room temperature, but when it exceeds 800 °C, it will be carbonized into graphite, and its hardness and strength will drop sharply, which limits the application of diamond to a certain extent.

4. Abrasives should have certain chemical stability

The abrasive and the object to be processed are not easy to produce chemical reaction. Long-term practice has shown that grinding is not a purely mechanical process, in which there is a certain chemical reaction. Due to the chemical reaction between the abrasive and the object to be processed, the inherent mechanical properties of the abrasive are changed, thus affecting the grinding effect.

5. Easy to process into granules of different sizes

Since the grinding process is carried out by using the cutting edge composed of many particles on the surface of the abrasive tool, the abrasive should be processed to the required particle size. Some substances, such as cemented carbide, have high hardness, but due to their greater toughness, they are difficult to process into particles compared with abrasives. Therefore, they are not suitable for the manufacture of abrasives.

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